Educational Agricultural Establishments of Kharkiv Province (Second Half of the XIX – early XX Centuries): Scientific and Practical Activity in the Sphere of Agronomy and Experts Training

Abstract

The preconditions for the establishment of educational agricultural institutions are identified and their organization and educational activity are described. Creation of a system of agricultural education and a number of agricultural educational institutions in the second half of the ХІХ cent. and early XX cent. was conditioned by the course of socio-economic development of the country. The first educational agricultural institutions were established in the first half of the nineteenth century. It is found out that the system of lower agricultural education consisted of such educational institutions as agricultural schools and agricultural practical schools, and later also various agricultural courses and classes. At the beginning of the 19th century, private attempts to open agricultural schools took place. Adopted regulatory documents regulated the activity of secondary and lower agricultural institutions. Their adoption greatly promoted the development of agricultural education. The purpose of lower agricultural schools was to spread basic knowledge of agriculture and agricultural crafts among the rural population, mainly through practical training, In Kharkiv region existed: a private school in the village of Kruchyk in the estate of Karazin, schools in the village of Babai in the estate of Shcherbinin, in the village of Byshkyn in the estate of Osipov, in the village of Kaplunivka in the estate of Soloviev and two schools in the estates of Count Sheremetev; apart from the aforementioned private schools, there were Aseyev lower agricultural school of Zmiiv district and the agricultural school in the town of Chuhuiv. Lower agricultural schools were considered as the main means of spreading of agricultural knowledge among the broad masses of agricultural products producers.