Archaeological Activity of Anatolii Vissarionovych Burakov in 1950-1960 (Excavations of Olbia Outskirts Settlement near Kozyrka Village)
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the archeological activity of Anatolii Vissarionovych Burakov in 1950-1960, in particular, the excavations of the settlement of Olbia outskirts near the village of Kozyrka. In the course of the survey, the main cultural and chronological layers of the ancient settlement were defined and the state of archeological objects preservation was specified, as well as their prospects from the point of view of further scientific excavations were determined.
In general, till the middle of the 19th century a considerable number of ancient settlements on both banks of the Buh estuary were already known, their descriptions were compiled and detailed, as for that time, topographic plans were made. At the same time, many researchers paid attention to the fortified settlement near the village of Kozyrka, located on the right bank of the Buh estuary, which really stood out among others for its topographic features.
The study of Kozyrka ancient settlement is associated with the name of Anatolii Vissarionovych Burakov, Candidate of Historical Sciences, the researcher who many years worked for the National Historical and Archaeological Reserve ‘Olbia’ of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Under his academic advising and with his direct participation, almost a hundred years after the first mention in the scientific literature, considerable research work was carried out.
In 1953, under the leadership of A.V. Burakov, some exploring works were carried out to the west of the ancient settlement. According to the results of research conducted in 1954-1967, the residential block of about ten buildings combining residential and utility functions was fully uncovered. The reference points of several streets of the settlement also became known. In general, the conclusions about the planning features and housing development of the settlement were made.
In general, the excavations of Kozyrka ancient settlement headed by A.V. Burakov showed that life on the territory of Olbia outskirts existed from the end of the 1st century BCE to the middle of the 3rd century CE. In addition, it was found out that on the whole Kozyrka ancient settlement in form and topography visually resembled Olbia. Deep ravines with steep slopes were the main defensive lines. The main gate and defensive towers were located on the north side. The basis of the economic activities of Kozyrka ancient settlement population was agriculture and cattle breeding.
The subsequent publication of the carefully analyzed Kozyrka ceramic complex, carried out by A.V. Burakov, became for many years a standard for the study of the material culture of the first centuries CE sites of not only Olbia chora, but the whole North-Western Black Sea region as well.
Also, during the excavations, a significant amount of construction material was found. The children's burials found in the premises under the floor reflect the ideological persuasions of the inhabitants of the settlement, and, according to A.V. Burakov, were associated with the cult of fertility, which was in general widespread among agricultural tribes.
A study of Olbia outskirts with the participation of A.V. Burakov facilitated appearing on the archaeological map over 100 ancient settlements, locations, and burials, getting a significant amount of archaeological material, which describes of the history and culture of the Lower Buh region in ancient times.
The results of excavations in 1954-1967 of Kozyrka ancient settlement headed by A.V. Burakov formed the basis of his candidate's dissertation, a number of publications, and later a monograph.
References
Buiskikh, S.B. (1991). Fortifikatsiia Olviiskogo gosudarstva (pervye veka nashei ery) [Fortification of the Olbia State (first centuries AD)]. Kiev: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
Buiskikh, S.B. (2012). A.V. Burakov – issledovatel prichernomorskikh drevnostei Ukrainy [A.V. Burakov – researcher of the Black Sea antiquities of Ukraine]. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 9, 51-57 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1954). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1954 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1954]. The Archive in Olbia National Historical and Archaeological Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (The Archive ONHAR), 1 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1955). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1955 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1955]. The Archive ONHAR, 2, 5 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1956). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1956 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1956]. The Archive ONHAR, 8, 9 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1957). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1957 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1957]. The Archive ONHAR, 12, 13 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1958). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1958 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1958]. The Archive ONHAR, 16 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1959). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1959 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1959]. The Archive ONHAR, 20 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1960). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1960 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1960]. The Archive ONHAR, 24 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1961). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1961 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1961]. The Archive ONHAR, 28 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1962). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1962 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1962]. The Archive ONHAR, 33 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1965). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1965 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1965]. The Archive ONHAR, 36 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1966). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1966 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1966]. The Archive ONHAR, 42 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1967). Dnevnik raskopok Kozyrskogo gorodishcha v 1967 g. [Excavation’s diary of the Kozyrka settlement in 1967]. The Archive ONHAR, 45 [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1962). Horodyshche bilia s. Kozyrky poblyzu Olvii [The settlement near the village of Kozyrkа near Olbia]. Arkheolohichni pamiatky URSR, ХІ, 49-96 [in Ukrainian].
Burakov, A.V. (1970). Kozyrskoe gorodishche Olviiskoi khory [Kozyrkа settlement of the Olbia choir]. (Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Кyiv [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1976) Kozyrskoe gorodishche rubezha i pervykh stoletii nashei ery [Kozyrkа settlement of the line and first centuries AD]. Кyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
Burakov, A.V. (1976). Izvestkovo-gipsovye karnizy i freski Kozyrskogo gorodishcha [Lime-gypsum cornices and frescoes of the Kozyrkа settlement]. In Kultura antichnogo mira (pp. 53-62). Moskva: Nauka [in Russian].
Ebert, M. (1913). Ausgrabungen aus dem Gute Maritzyn, Gouv. Cherson (Südrussland). Praehistorische Zeitschrift, V, 1-80.
Goshkevich, V.I. (1913) Drevnie gorodishcha po beregam nizovia Dnepra [Ancient fortifications along the banks of the lower Dnieper]. Izvestiia Arkheologicheskoi komissii, 47, 117-145 [in Russian].
Gudkova, A.V. (1990). Seroglinianaia keramika Kozyrskogo gorodishcha [Gray clay pottery of the Kozyrkа settlement]. Abstracts of Papers: Problemy arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomoria (k 100-letiiu osnovaniia Khersonskogo muzeia drevnostei), (Vol. 2, рр. 76-77). Kherson [in Russian].
Kryzhitskii, S.D., Buiskikh, S.B., Burakov, A.V. & Otreshko, V.M. (1989). Selskaia okruga Olvii [Rural district of Olbia]. Кyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
Kryzhitskii, S.D., Buiskikh, S.B. & Otreshko, V.M. (1990). Antichnye poseleniia Nizhnego Pobuzhia (arkheologicheskaia karta) [Ancient settlement of the Lower Bug area (archaeological map)]. Кyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
Kryzhitskii, S.D. & Burakov, A.V. (1975) Opyt rekonstruktsii zhilykh domov poseleniia olviiskoi periferii pervykh vekov nashei ery u s. Kozyrka [Experience in the reconstruction of residential buildings of the settlement of the Olbia periphery of the first centuries AD near the village Kozyrka] In: Krizhitskii, S.D. (Ed.) Olviia (рр. 192-219). Кyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
Rabichkin, B.M. (1951). Poselenie u Shirokoi Balki [The settlement near Shyroka Balka]. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta istorii materialnoi kultury, 40, 114-124 [in Russian].
Skadovskii, G.L. (1897) Belozerskoe gorodishche Shirokoi Balki [Belozerskа settlement]. Trudy VIII Arkheologicheskogo sieezda, 3, 75-107 [in Russian].
Slavin, L. (1949) Rozkopky Olvii v 1946 r. [Excavations of Olbia in 1946]. Arkheolohichni pamiatky URSR, II, 7-30 [in Ukrainian].
Slavin, L.M. (1952). Naslidky arkheolohichnykh doslidzhen Olviiskoi ekspedytsii v 1947 i 1948 rr. [The consequences of archaeological research of the Olbia expedition in 1947 and 1948]. Arkheolohichni pamiatky URSR, IV, 48-58 [in Ukrainian].
Slavin, L.M. (1955). Rozkopky Olvii v 1949-1951 rr. [Excavations of Olbia in 1949-1951]. Arkheolohichni pamiatky URSR, V, 95-110 [in Ukrainian].
Slavin, L.M. (1958). Osnovni rezultaty ta naiblyzhchi zavdannia rozkopok Olvii [The main results and immediate tasks of excavations in Olbia]. Arkheolohichni pamiatky URSR, VII, 5-15 [in Ukrainian].
Slavin, L.M. (1960). Osnovnye etapy izucheniia Olvii [The main stages of the study of Olbia]. Zapiski Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva, 1 (34), 47-59 [in Russian].
Son, N.A. & Buiskikh, A.V. (2014). Tegula romana iz poseleniia Kozyrka bliz Olvii (k voprosu o rimskoi stroitelnoi traditsii v Severo-Zapadnom Prichernomore) [Tegula romana from the settlement of Kozyrka near Olbia (to the question of the Roman building tradition in the Northwest Black Sea region)]. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 1 (12), 48-54 [in Russian].
Tunkina, I.V. (2002). Russkaia nauka o klassicheskikh drevnostiakh Yuga Rossii (XVIII – seredina XIX v.) [Russian science of classical antiquities of the South of Russia (XVIII – middle of XIX century)]. Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka [in Russian].
Farmakovskii, B.V. (1906). Raskopki bliz Aleshek i u s. Zburevki Dneprovskogo uezda Tavricheskoi gubernii [Excavations near Aleshkі and near the village Zburyevkа of the Dnieper county of the Tauride province]. Otchet Arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1903 g., 58-61 [in Russian].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
