Second Volyn Kish of UNAKOTO (1924-1935)
Abstract
The purpose of the study. The activities of the Second Volyn Kish of the Ukrainian National Cossack Society (UNAKOTO), headed by the former Starshyna (Lieutenant colonel) of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR) Ivan Voloshyn, are analyzed in the paper. The attention is drawn to its anti-Bilshovyk orientation and relations with the Polish authorities. It is found out that the Cossack Society was under the chain of command of the headquarters in Munich under the leadership of Ivan Poltavets-Ostrianytsia, expressed the monarchical views of Ukrainian interwar emigration, and acted according to the authoritarian principles, with the main goal of consolidating the efforts of conservative forces to restore the Ukrainian Cossack State.
The scientific novelty of the paper is in the introduction into scientific circulation of new archival documents and interwar periodicals, which make it possible to show the place of the Cossack organization in the public life of interwar Volyn.
Conclusions. In the paper, it is proved that the Second Volyn Kish, headed by Ivan Voloshyn, being a structural unit of UNAKOTO in Munich, although was considered being the largest in interwar Poland, did not have wide support among the local population, took an anti-Bilshovyk position, and was an authoritarian organization, whose leaders were persecuted by the Polish authorities or were used by them as confidants. It is ascertained how the reaction of UNAKOTO leaders to the death of Symon Petliura caused a wave of rejection in the environment of Ukrainian political emigration. The probable reason for the lack of reaction of the Second Volyn Kish leadership to the death of Viacheslav Lypynskyi is pointed out.
After unsuccessful attempts to legalize UNAKOTO in Volyn Voivodeship, Ivan Voloshyn left for Germany. As a result of internal misunderstandings, persecution by the Polish police, and introducing the ‘Volyn Experiment’ by Voivode Henryk Yuzevskyi, the influence of UNAKOTO in the Voivodeship reduced to a minimum. The establishment of the Nazi political regime in Germany accelerated the dissolution of UNAKOTO in 1935 and the creation of a more radical organization in its place – the Ukrainian National Cossack Movement (UNAKOR), the functioning of which could be a subject of a separate study.
References
Bondarenko, V. (2016). Ukrainskyi vilnokozachyi rukh v Ukraini ta na emihratsii (1919-1993 rr.) [Ukrainian Free Cossack Movement in Ukraine and in Emigration (1919-1993)]. Zaporizhzhia: Zaporizkyi natsionalnyi universytet [in Ukrainian].
Bondarenko, V. (2011). Diialnist vilnokozatskoho rukhu u skladi ukrainskoi viiskovoi emihratsii u 1920-1930-kh rr. [Activities of the Free Cossack movement as part of the Ukrainian military emigration in the 1920s and 1930s]. Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakultetu Zaporizkoho natsionalnoho universytetu, XXXI, 145-150 [in Ukrainian].
Borshchevych, V. (2004). Volynskyi pomiannyk [Volyn monument]. Rivne [in Ukrainian].
Burim, D. (2013). Do istorii ukrainskoho kozatskoho rukhu v emihratsii: lysty Ivana Poltavtsia-Ostrianytsi do Adolfa Hitlera [To the history of the Ukrainian Cossack movement in exile: letters of Ivan Poltavets-Ostryanitsa to Adolf Hitler]. Istorychnyi arkhiv: naukovi studii, 10, 188-206 [in Ukrainian].
Davydiuk, R. (2016). Ukrainska politychna emihratsiia v Polshchi: sklad, struktura, hromadsko-politychni praktyky na terytorii Volynskoho voievodstva [Ukrainian political emigration in Poland: composition, structure, socio-political practices in the territory of Volyn Voivodeship]. Lviv-Rivne [in Ukrainian].
Kosyk, V. (1993). Ukraina i Nimechchyna u Druhii svitovii viini [Ukraine and Germany in World War II]. Paryzh-Niu-York-Lviv [in Ukrainian].
Ostashko, T. (2000). Ukrainskyi kozatskyi rukh v emihratsii (1919-1939) [Ukrainian Cossack movement in exile (1919-1939)]. Visnyk Kyivskoho derzhavnoho linhvistychnoho universytetu. Seriia: Istoriia, ekonomika, filosofiia, 4, 285-294 [in Ukrainian].
Ostashko, T. (2007). Ukrainskyi monarkhichnyi rukh za danymy polskykh viiskovykh spetssluzhb (dwójka) [Ukrainian monarchical movement according to the Polish military special services (dwójka)]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Istorychni nauky, 9, 351-360 [in Ukrainian].
Ostashko, T. (2008). Politychni ambitsii Ivana Poltavtsia-Ostrianytsi [Political ambitions of Ivan Poltavets-Ostryanytsia]. Problemy vyvchennia istorii Ukrainskoi revoliutsii 1917-1921 rr., 3, 147-170 [in Ukrainian].
Pavliuk, I. & Martyniuk, M. (2005). Khrestomatiia ukrainskoi lehalnoi presy Volyni, Polissia, Kholmshchyny ta Pidliashshia 1917-1939, 1941-1944 rr. [A textbook of the Ukrainian legal press in Volyn, Polissya, Kholmshchyna and Podlasie 1917-1939, 1941-1944]. Lutsk [in Ukrainian].
Pyrih, R. (2016). Diialnist uriadiv hetmanatu Pavla Skoropadskoho: personalnyi vymir [Activities of the governments of the Hetmanate of Pavel Skoropadsky: personal dimension]. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Shust, L. (2010). Liudyna i viazen [Man and prisoner]. In Kucherepa M.M. (Comp.). Reabilitovani istoriieiu. Volynska oblast. Vol. 1. Lutsk: VAT «Volynska oblasna drukarnia», pp. 669-672 [in Ukrainian].
Tynchenko, Ya. (2011). Ofitserskyi korpus Armii Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky (1917-1921) [Officer Corps of the Army of the Ukrainian Peoples Republic (1917-1921)]. Book II. Kyiv: Tempora [in Ukrainian].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
