Unknown Maps and City Plans of Olbia and Its Outskirts of the 19th Century
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to introduce to the scientific circulation and analyze hitherto unknown cartographic sources stored in various museums and archival institutions.
The scientific novelty is in the fact that the analyzed four city plans and maps of 1821, 1851, and 1863, relating to Olbia and its outskirts, have never entered the circle of scientific interests of scholars.
The first is dedicated to the unknown facts of the existence of the village of Olbia (Shyroke). For the first time, two fragments of the ‘military land survey’ sheet of Kherson province in 1851 (scale 1 : 42,000) are shown. They include Olbia with the urochyshche Sto Mohyl and the area north of the village Parutyne. Another sheet of the map of 1851 and A.P. Chyrkov’s city plan of 1863, with Velykyi Adzhigol and Malyi Adzhigol towns (now the settlement of Dniprovske II), first described by academician E.E. Keller, are studied for the first time.
In the course of work on the study, both general scientific and special methods of historical research were used, such as comparative-historical, textological, and, especially, the comparative method of studying historical sources.
Conclusions. As part of the comparative analysis of the city plans, the localization of the mound in which the golden mask was found (1842) gets an accurate fix. A mound group is also localized on the city plans near gulch Shyroka, which was excavated in 1844 and 1853. Information about the stone crypts found in three of them is given as well.
Thus, in the course of the conducted study it is possible not only to compare the city plans with each other, but also to specify the previously unknown location of the ‘archaeological house’, to correlate the location of the mounds excavated in 1842, 1844, and 1853, as well as to clarify the confusing bibliography on the location of Adzhigol town.
References
Bert’e-Delagard, A.L. (1888). Katalog kartam, planam, chertezham, vidam, khraniashchimsia v Muzee Imperatorskogo Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostei [Catalog of maps, plans, drawings, views stored in the Museum of the Imperial Odessa Society of History and Antiquities]. Odessa: Tip. A. Shultse [in Russian].
Boeckhius, A. (Ed.) (1825-1859) Corpus inscriptionum graecarum. Auctoritate et іmpensis Academiae Litterarum Regiae Borussicae. Bd. 1-4. Berolini [in Latin].
Brun, F. (1863). Donesenie o poezdke k ustiam rek Buga i Dnepra, v 1862 godu [Report on a trip to the mouths of the Bug and Dnieper rivers, in 1862]. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostey, V, 985-993 [in Russian].
Brun, F. (1879). O poseleniyakh italianskikh v Gazarii: Topograficheskie i istoricheskie zametki [On the Italian Settlements in Gazaria: Topographical and Historical Notes]. In Chernomorie: Sbornik issledovanii po istoricheskoi geografii Yuzhnoi Rossii F. Bruna (1852-1877), (Vol. 1, pp. 189-240). Odessa [in Russian].
Buiskikh, S.B. (1991). Fortifikatsiia Olviiskogo gosudarstva (pervye veka novoi ery) [Fortification of the Olbian State (first centuries AD)]. Kiev: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
Buiskykh, S.B. & Iievliev, M.M. (1991). Pro osile naselennia ponyzia Dnipra ta Pivdennoho Buhu u X-XIII st. [About the settled population below the Dnieper and Southern Bug in the X-XIII centuries]. Arheologia, 4, 89-104 [in Ukrainian].
Burakov, A.V. (1991). Polyvianyi posud z horodyshcha Dniprovske-2 [Watering vessel from Dniprovske-2 settlement]. Arheologia, 4, 105-109 [in Ukrainian].
Chirkov, A. (1867). Kratkiy ocherk gorodishch, nakhodiashchikhsia po Dnepru i ego limanu [A brief outline of the settlements located along the Dnieper and its estuary]. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostey, VI, 546-550 [in Russian].
Dlozhevskyi, S. (2009). Olbiia: khronika doslidzhen ta yikh naslidky [Olbia: a chronicle of research and its consequences]. In Buiskykh, S.B. (Ed.). Olviyskie drevnosti. Kiev, 7-37 (155-185) [in Ukrainian].
Fabritsius, I.V. (1951). Arkheologicheskaia karta Prichernomoria Ukrainskoi SSR [Archaeological map of the Black Sea region of the Ukrainian SSR]. Issue І. Kiev [in Russian].
Farmakovskii, B.V. (2010). Raskopki B.V. Farmakovskogo v Olvii [Excavations by B.V. Farmakovsky in Olbia]. Otchet Arkheologicheskoi Komissii 1907. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografiia glavnogo upravleniia udelov, 1-66 [in Russian].
Grebennikov, V.B., Karazhei, O.M. & Yatsenko, S.M. (2011). Pamiatnyky arkheolohii Ochakіvskoho raionu: kataloh-dovіdnyk [Archeological monuments of Ochakiv district: catalog-guide]. Mykolaiv: Іlіon [in Ukrainian].
Hospodarenko, O. (2015). Pro henuezku prysutnist na terytorii Mykolaivskoi oblasti: istoryko-heohrafichni i arkheolohichni zauvazhennia [Genoa presence on the territory of Mykolayiv region: historical, geographical and archaeological observations]. Eminak, 3 (11), 54-59 [in Ukrainian].
Korpus voennykh topografov (1872). Istoricheskii ocherk deiatelnosti Korpusa voennykh topografov: 1822-1872 [Historical outline of the activities of the Corps of military topographers, 1822-1872]. Sankt-Peterburg [in Russian].
Karasev, A.N. (1956). Plany Olvii ХІХ v. kak istochniki dlia istoricheskoi topografii Olvii [Plans of Olbia in the 19th century as sources for the historical topography of Olbia]. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR, IX, 9-34 [in Russian].
Keppen, P.I. (1828). Drevnosti severnogo berega Ponta [Antiquities of the northern coast of Pontus]. Moskva [in Russian].
Kôller, H. (1826). Mémoire sur les îles et la course consacrées à Achille dans le Pout Euxin. Mémoires de l’Academie imperiale de St. Petersbourg, Vol. X, Рp. 531-819 [in French].
Kryzhitskii, S.D. (1985). Olviia. Istoriograficheskoe issledovanie arkhitekturn-stroitelnykh kompleksov [Olvia. Historiographic study of architectural and building complexes]. Kiev: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
Kryzhytskyi, S.D. & Kariaka, O.V. (2017). Do istorii stvorennia zahalnoho planu arkhitekturno-budivelnykh zalyshkiv Olvii [To History of Development the General Plan of Architectural and Building Remains at Olbian Hill-fort]. Arheologia, 3, 66-80 [in Ukrainian].
Leontiev, P.M. (1852). Retsenziya na knigu: Uvarov A.S. Issledovaniia o drevnostiakh yuzhnoi Rossii i beregov Chernogo moria. Sankt-Peterburg, 1851 [Book review: Uvarov A.S. Studies on the antiquities of southern Russia and the shores of the Black Sea. Saint Petersburg, 1851]. Otechestvennyie zapiski, 83 (7), Section 5, 1-30 [in Russian].
Muravev-Apostol, I.M. (1823). Puteshestvie po Tavride v 1820 godu [Journey through Tauris in 1820]. Sankt-Peterburg [in Russian].
Papanova, V.A. (2006). Urochishche Sto Mogil (nekropol Olvii Pontiiskoi) [The tract of Hundred Graves (necropolis of Olbia Pontus)]. Kiev [in Russian].
Ratner, I.D. (1990). Stareishii plan Olvii i ego avtor [The oldest plan of Olbia and its author]. In Olenkovskii, N.P. (Ed.). Abstracts of Conference’s Papers «Problemy arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomoria». Vol. III. Kherson, 77-78 [in Russian].
Russev, N.D. & Melnikov, O.N. (2003-2004). Taina «karatov zamka Illiche» [Secret «Illice Carat Castle»]. Stratum plus, 6, 479-494 [in Russian].
Sapozhnikov, I.V. (2000). Kartograficheskie materialy po arkheologii, istorii i geografii nizovii Buga i Dnepra: raboty A.P. Chirkova 1863-1866 godov [Cartographic materials on archeology, history and geography of the lower reaches of the Bug and Dnieper: works by A.P. Chirkov of 1863-1866]. Proceedings of the Conference: Іstorіia. Etnografіia. Kultura. Novі doslіdzhennia. Mykolaiv: Atol, 259-265 [in Russian].
Sapozhnikov, I.V. (2001-2002). Ocherki istorii issledovanii Olvii i Berezani (do nachala XIX st. ot R.Kh.) [Feature Articles on the Research History of Olbia and Berezan before the beginning of the XIXth century AD]. Stratum plus, 3, 452-461 [in Russian].
Sapozhnykov, I.V. (2021). Olviia ta iyi okolytsi u XVIII – na pochatku XIX st.: topohrafo-istoriohrafichni narysy [Olbia and its Outskirts in the 18th – early 20th Centuries: Topographic and Historiographic Essays]. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 3 (40), 354-369. DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2021.03.24 [in Ukrainian].
Sapozhnykov, I. (2021). V. Lahus i yoho lysty pro podorozh 1851 roku z Odesy do Olvii ta slidamy armii Karla XII [V. Lagus and his letters about the journey of 1851 from Odessa to Olvia and in the footsteps of the army of Charles XII]. Starozhytnosti Lukomoria, 4 (7), 22-54. DOI: 10.33782/2708-4116.2021.4.89 [in Ukrainian].
Skalkovskii, A. (1870). Poezdka v Olviiu [The trip to Olbia]. Trudy Odesskogo statisticheskogo komiteta, ІV, 102-116 [in Russian].
Sossa, R.I. (2007). Istoriia kartohrafuvannia terytorii Ukrainy [The History of mapping the territory of Ukraine]. Kyiv: Lybid [in Ukrainian].
Tunkina, I.V. (1996) A.S. Uvarov i drevnosti Yuzhnoi Rossii (konets 1840-kh – nachalo 1850-kh gg.) [A.S. Uvarov and Antiquities of South Russia (late 1840s – early 1850s)]. Proceedings of the Conference: Pogibshie sviatyni. Okhraniaetsia gosudarstvom. 4-ya Rossiiskaia nauchno-prakticheskaia konferentsiia. Sankt-Peterburg, Vol. 1, 163-181 [in Russian].
Tunkina, I.V. (2002). Russkaia nauka o klassicheskikh drevnostiakh yuga Rossii (XVIII – seredina XIX vv.) [Russian Science of the Classical Antiquities of the South of Russia (XVIII – mid-XIX centuries)]. Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka [in Russian].
Tunkina, I.V. (2014). Akademik E.E. Keler o Berezani, Olvii i olviiskoi periferii v dnevnike ekspeditsii Imperatorskoi Sankt-Peterburgskoi Akademii nauk 1821 g. po Novorossiiskomu kraiu [Academician E.E. Köhler about Berezan, Olbia and the Olbia periphery in the diary of the expedition of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1821 in the Novorossiysk Territory]. Mnemon, 14, 407-418 [in Russian].
Uvarov, A. (1851). Issledovaniia o drevnostiakh Yuzhnoi Rossii i beregov Chernogo moria [Studies on the antiquities of South Russia and the Black Sea coast]. Issue 1. Sankt-Peterburg [in Russian].
Uvarov, A. (1853). Sobranie kart i risunkov k «Issledovaniiam o drevnostiakh Yuzhnoi Rossii i beregov Chernogo moria» [Collection of maps and drawings for «Studies on the Antiquities of Southern Russia and the Black Sea Shores»]. Sankt-Peterburg [in Russian].
Vinogradov, Yu.A. & Musin, A.E. (2019). Imperatorskaia arkheologicheskaia komissiia i issledovanie drevnei Olvii i Berezani [Imperial Archaeological Commission and the study of ancient Olbia and Berezan]. In Lapshin, V.A. (Ed.). Imperatorskaia arkheologicheskaia komissiia (1859-1917). Vol. 1. Sankt-Peterburg, 654-742 [in Russian].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
